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System Management Guide: Operating System and Devices
Implementing Scheduled Backups
This procedure describes how to develop and
use a script to perform a weekly full backup and daily incremental backups of
user files. The script included in this procedure is intended only as a model
and should be carefully tailored to the needs of the specific site.
Prerequisites
- The amount of data scheduled for
backup cannot exceed one tape when using this script.
- Make sure the tape is loaded in the backup
device before cron runs the script.
- Make sure the device is connected and
available, especially when using scripts that run at night. Use the following
lsdev -C | pg command to check availability.
- Make sure the backup device has been cleaned
recently to prevent errors.
- If you are backing up file systems that may be
in use, you should unmount them first to prevent file system corruption.
- Check the file system before making the
backup. Use the procedure "Verifying a File System"
or run the fsck
command.
Back Up File Systems Using the cron Command
This procedure describes how to write a
crontab script that you can pass to the cron command for
execution. The script backs up two user file systems, /home/plan and
/home/run, on Monday through Saturday nights. Both file systems are
backed up on one tape, and each morning a new tape is inserted for the next
night. The Monday night backups are full archives (level 0). The backups on
Tuesday through Saturday are incremental backups.
- The first step in making the
crontab script is to issue the crontab
-e command. This opens an empty file where you can make the entries that
are submitted to cron for execution each night (the default editor is
vi).
crontab -e
- The following example shows the six
crontab fields. Field 1 is for the minute, field 2 is for the hour on a
24-hour clock, field 3 is for the day of the month, and field 4 is for the
month of the year. Fields 3 and 4 contain an * (asterisk) to show that the
script should run every month on the day specified in the day/wk
field. Field 5 is for the day of the week, and field 6 is for the shell command
being run.
min hr day/mo mo/yr day/wk shell command
0 2 * * 1 backup -0 -uf /dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
The command line shown assumes that personnel at the site are available to
respond to prompts when appropriate. The -0 (zero) flag for the backup command
stands for level zero, or full backup. The -u flag updates the backup
record in the /etc/dumpdates file and the f flag specifies the
device name, a raw magnetic tape device 0.1 as in the example above. See "rmt Special File" in the AIX Version 4.3 Files Reference for information on the meaning of extension .1 and
other extensions (1-7).
- Enter a line similar to that in step 2 for
each file system backed up on a specific day. The following example shows a
full script that performs six days of backups on two file systems:
0 2 * * 1 backup -0 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 1 backup -0 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
0 2 * * 2 backup -1 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 2 backup -1 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
0 2 * * 3 backup -2 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 3 backup -2 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
0 2 * * 4 backup -3 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 4 backup -3 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
0 2 * * 5 backup -4 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 5 backup -4 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
0 2 * * 6 backup -5 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/plan
0 3 * * 6 backup -5 -uf/dev/rmt0.1 /home/run
- Save the file you created and exit the editor.
The operating system passes the crontab file to cron.
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